Wararka - Nickel Ganacsi ah oo saafi ah

Qaaciddada Kiimikada

Mawduucyada la daboolay

Asalka

Ganacsi ahaan saafi ah amaNikkel daawaha hooseeyaWaxay heshaa codsigeeda ugu weyn ee ku saabsan habaynta kiimikada iyo elektaroonigga.

Iska caabinta Daxalka

Sababtoo ah iska caabbinta daxalka ee nikkel-ka saafiga ah, gaar ahaan kiimikooyinka yareeya kala duwan iyo gaar ahaan alkaliyada caustic-ga ah, nikkel waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ilaaliyo tayada badeecada falcelinta kiimikada badan, gaar ahaan habaynta cuntooyinka iyo soo saarista faybarka macmal ah.

Astaamaha Nikkel Ganacsi ahaan saafi ah

Marka la barbardhigobirta nikkel-ka, nikkel saafi ah oo ganacsi ahaan saafi ah wuxuu leeyahay koronto-qaadis sare, heerkul sare oo Curie ah iyo sifooyin magnetostrictive oo wanaagsan. Nikkel waxaa loo isticmaalaa fiilooyinka lead-ka elektaroonigga ah, qaybaha baytariyada, thyratrons iyo elektroodhada shidaya.

Nikkel sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay hab-socod kuleyl oo wanaagsan. Taas macnaheedu waa in loo isticmaali karo beddelayaasha kulaylka ee deegaannada daxalka leh.

Shaxda 1. SifooyinkaNikkel 200, heerka ganacsi ahaan saafiga ah (99.6% Ni).

Hantida	Qiimaha
Xoogga La Qaboojiyay ee 20°C	450MPa
Cadaadis Caddayn ah oo 0.2% ah oo la qaboojiyey 20°C	150MPa
Kordhinta (%)	47
Cufnaanta	8.89g/cm3
Kala duwanaanshaha Dhalmada	1435-1446°C
Kulayl Gaar ah	456 J/kg. °C
Heerkulka Curie	360°C
Joogto Qaraabo ah	Bilowga hore	110
	Ugu badnaan	600
Waxtar leh haddii la ballaariyo (20-100°C)	13.3 × 10-6m/m.°C
Qaboojinta Kulaylka	70W/m.°C
Iska caabinta Korontada	0.096 × 10-6ohm.m

Samaynta Nikkel

La qaboojiyeynikkelwaxay leedahay adayg hoose iyo is-waafajin wanaagsan. Nikkel, sida dahabka, lacagta iyo naxaasta, wuxuu leeyahay heer adag oo shaqo oo hooseeya, tusaale ahaan uma eka inuu noqdo mid adag oo jilicsan marka uu qaloocsan yahay ama si kale u qalloocan yahay sida biraha kale badankood. Sifooyinkan, oo ay weheliso alxan wanaagsan, waxay ka dhigayaan birta mid fudud in lagu sameeyo walxo dhammaystiran.

Nikkel ku jira Chromium

Nikkel waxaa sidoo kale si joogto ah loogu isticmaalaa dahaarka hoose ee chromium-ka qurxinta. Badeecada cayriin, sida shubka naxaasta ama zinc ama riixista birta xaashida ah marka hore waxaa lagu dahaadhaa lakabnikkelqiyaastii 20µm dhumucdiisuna. Tani waxay siinaysaa iska caabinta daxalka. Dahaarka ugu dambeeya waa 'dhalaal' aad u khafiif ah (1-2µm) oo chromium ah si uu u siiyo midab iyo iska caabin wasakh ah oo guud ahaan loo arko mid aad loogu baahan yahay alaabada lagu dahaadhay. Chromium kaligiis wuxuu yeelan doonaa iska caabin daxalka aan la aqbali karin sababtoo ah dabeecadda guud ahaan daloolsan ee chromium electroplate.

Shaxda Hantida

Alaab	Nikkel - Sifooyinka, Samaynta iyo Adeegsiga Nikkel Ganacsi ahaan saafi ah
Halabuurka:	>99% Ni ama ka wanaagsan

Hantida	Qiimaha ugu Yar (SI)	Qiimaha ugu badan (SI)	Cutubyada (SI)	Qiimaha ugu Yar (Tilmaamaha)	Qiimaha ugu Badan (Imp.)	Cutubyada (Tilmaamaha)
Mugga Atomka (celcelis ahaan)	0.0065	0.0067	m3/kmol	396.654	408.859	in3/kmol
Cufnaanta	8.83	8.95	Mg/m3	551.239	558.731	lb/ft3
Tamarta Waxyaabaha ku jira	230	690	MJ/kg	24917.9	74753.7	Kalori/lb
Modulus-ka Badan	162	200	GPA	23.4961	29.0075	106 psi
Xoog Cadaadis ah	70	935	MPA	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Ductility	0.02	0.6		0.02	0.6
Xadka Laablaaban	70	935	MPA	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Xadka Dulqaadka	135	500	MPA	19.5801	72.5188	ksi
Adkaanta Jabka	100	150	MPa.m1/2	91.0047	136.507	ksi.in1/2
Adkaanta	800	3000	MPA	116.03	435.113	ksi
Isku-xidhka Khasaaraha	0.0002	0.0032		0.0002	0.0032
Modulus of Rupture	70	935	MPA	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Saamiga Poisson	0.305	0.315		0.305	0.315
Modulus-ka Shear	72	86	GPA	10.4427	12.4732	106 psi
Xoogga Tijaabada	345	1000	MPA	50.038	145.038	ksi
Modulus-ka Young	190	220	GPA	27.5572	31.9083	106 psi
Heerkulka Galaaska			K			°F
Kulaylka Daahsoon ee Isku-dhafka	280	310	kJ/kg	120.378	133.275	BTU/lb
Heerkulka Adeegga Ugu Badan	510	640	K	458.33	692.33	°F
Barta Dhalmada	1708	1739	K	2614.73	2670.53	°F
Heerkulka Adeegga Ugu Yar	0	0	K	-459.67	-459.67	°F
Kulayl Gaar ah	452	460	J/kg.K	0.349784	0.355975	BTU/lb.F
Qaboojinta Kulaylka	67	91	W/mK	125.426	170.355	BTU.ft/h.ft2.F
Ballaarinta Kulaylka	12	13.5	10-6/K	21.6	24.3	10-6/°F
Suurtagalnimada Burburka			MV/m			V/mil
Joogtada Dielectric
Iska caabin	8	10	10-8 ohm.m	8	10	10-8 ohm.m

Guryaha Deegaanka
Arrimaha Iska caabinta	1=Xun 5= Aad u fiican
Ololi kara	5
Biyo Cusub	5
Dareeraha Dabiiciga ah	5
Oksaydheynta 500C	5
Biyaha Badda	5
Aashito xooggan	4
Alkalis xooggan	5
UV	5
Xidho	4
Aashitada daciifka ah	5
Alkalis daciif ah	5

Isha: Laga soo xigtay Buug-gacmeedka Qalabka Injineerinka, Daabacaadda 5aad.

Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan ishan fadlan booqoMachadka Injineerinka Qalabka Australasia.

Nikkel qaab asaasi ah ama lagu dahaadhay biraha iyo agabka kale ayaa wax weyn ka taray bulshadeena maanta waxayna ballanqaadaysaa inay sii wadi doonto bixinta agabka mustaqbal aad u adag. Nikkel had iyo jeer wuxuu ahaa bir muhiim u ah warshado kala duwan sababtoo ah waa walax aad u badan oo la jaan qaadi karta biraha kale badankood.

Nikkel waa curiye kala duwan wuxuuna la jaanqaadi doonaa biraha badankood. Daloolada nikkel waa daloolo leh nikkel oo ah curiye weyn. Daloolada adag ee dhammaystiran waxay u dhexeeyaan nikkel iyo naxaas. Daloolada ballaaran waxay u dhexeeyaan birta, chromium, iyo nikkel waxay suurtogal ka dhigayaan isku-darka daloolo badan. Kala-duwanaanshaheeda sare, oo ay weheliso iska caabinta kulaylka iyo daxalka ee aadka u fiican ayaa horseeday in loo isticmaalo codsiyo kala duwan; sida marawaxadaha gaaska diyaaradaha, marawaxadaha uumiga ee warshadaha korontada iyo isticmaalkeeda ballaaran ee suuqyada tamarta iyo tamarta nukliyeerka.

Codsiyada iyo Astaamaha Nikkel Alloys

Ndaawaha nickel iyo ickelswaxaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo kala duwan, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay ku lug leeyihiin iska caabbinta daxalka iyo/ama iska caabbinta kulaylka. Qaar ka mid ah kuwan waxaa ka mid ah:

Makiinadaha gaaska ee diyaaradaha
Warshadaha korontada ee uumiga ayaa hawada ku shaqeeya
Codsiyada caafimaadka
Nidaamyada tamarta nukliyeerka
Warshadaha kiimikada iyo batroolka
Qaybaha Kuleylka iyo Iska caabinta
Kala-soocayaasha iyo Dhaqaaqayaasha isgaarsiinta
Fiilooyinka baabuurta
Waxyaabaha la isticmaalo ee alxanka
Fiilooyinka Korontada

Tiro kale oo badancodsiyada lagu sameeyo daawaha nickelwaxay ku lug leeyihiin sifooyinka gaarka ah ee aluminiinta nikkel-ka ee ujeedo gaar ah leh ama kuwa nikkel-ka sare leh. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: