Nicr Ku Salaysan Naxaas WareegsanDaawaha 180Silig Copper ah oo la dahaadhay oo heer sare ah

1. Sharaxaadda Guud ee Agabka

1)

Manganinwaa isku-darka caadiga ah ee ka kooban 84% naxaas, 12% manganese, iyo 4% nikkel.

Fiilada Manganin iyo foil-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista iska caabbinta, gaar ahaan shunt ammeter, sababtoo ah isku-dhafka heerkulka eber ee iska caabbinta iyo xasilloonida muddada dheer. Dhowr iska caabbinta Manganin ayaa u adeegay heerka sharciga ah ee ohm-ka Mareykanka laga bilaabo 1901 ilaa 1990. Fiilada Manganin waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sidii kontarool koronto nidaamyada cryogenic, taasoo yaraynaysa wareejinta kulaylka u dhexeeya meelaha u baahan isku xirka korontada.

Manganin waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa cabbirrada daraasadaha hirarka shoogga ee cadaadiska sare leh (sida kuwa ka dhasha qaraxa walxaha qarxa) sababtoo ah waxay leedahay xasaasiyad hoose oo cadaadis ah laakiin waxay leedahay xasaasiyad sare oo cadaadis hydrostatic ah.

2)

Constantanwaa daawaha naxaasta-nickel oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanEureka, Horumarsan, iyoDoon. Badanaa waxay ka kooban tahay 55% naxaas iyo 45% nikkel. Astaamaheeda ugu weyn waa iska caabinteeda, taas oo joogto ah heerkul kala duwan. Daloolo kale oo leh isku-xidhka heerkulka hooseeya ayaa la yaqaan, sida manganin (Cu)₈₆Mn₁₂Ni₂).

Cabbiraadda noocyada aadka u waaweyn, 5% (50 000 microstrian) ama ka sarreeya, constantan annealed (P alloy) ayaa ah walxaha shabagga ee sida caadiga ah loo doorto. Constantan qaabkan waa mid aad u ductile ah; iyo, dhererka cabbirka ee 0.125 inji (3.2 mm) iyo ka dheer, waxaa lagu cadaadin karaa >20%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa in noocyada wareegga sare ee shabagga P uu muujin doono isbeddel iska caabin joogto ah oo wareeg kasta ah, wuxuuna sababi doonaa isbeddel eber ah oo u dhigma cabbirka cadaadiska. Sababtoo ah sifadan, iyo u janjeera fashilka shabagga ee dhicis ah oo leh cadaadis soo noqnoqda, shabagga P caadi ahaan laguma taliyo codsiyada cadaadiska wareegga. Shabagga P waxaa laga heli karaa lambarrada STC ee 08 iyo 40 si loogu isticmaalo biraha iyo balaastikada, siday u kala horreeyaan.

2. Hordhac iyo codsiyo ku saabsan fiilada la isku dhejiyay

In kasta oo lagu tilmaamay "enameled", silig dhalaalaya dhab ahaantii laguma dahaadho lakab rinji dhaldhalaal ah ama dhaldhalaal dhalaalaya oo laga sameeyay budada galaaska ee la isku daray. Silig birlab casri ah ayaa caadi ahaan isticmaala hal ilaa afar lakab (haddii ay tahay silig nooca afar-film ah) oo dahaarka filimka polymer-ka ah, badanaa laba isku-dhafan oo kala duwan, si loo bixiyo lakab dahaar adag oo joogto ah. Filimada dahaarka siligga birlabku waxay isticmaalaan (si ay u kordhiyaan heerkulka) polyvinyl rasmi ah (Formar), polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyster, polyester-polyimide, polyamide-polyimide (ama amide-imide), iyo polyimide. Silig birlab ah oo dahaarsan Polyimide waxay awood u leedahay inay shaqeyso ilaa 250 °C. Dahaarka siligga birlab ee qaro weyn ama afar-geesoodka ah waxaa badanaa lagu kordhiyaa iyadoo lagu duubo cajalad polyimide heerkul sare leh ama fiberglass ah, wareegyada la dhammaystirayna badanaa waxaa lagu shubaa faakiyuum varnish si loo hagaajiyo xoogga dahaarka iyo isku halaynta muddada dheer ee dahaarka.

Galoolada is-taageera waxaa lagu dhejiyay silig lagu dahaadhay ugu yaraan laba lakab, kan ugu sarreeya waa thermoplastic kaas oo isku xira wareegyada marka la kululeeyo.

Noocyada kale ee dahaarka sida dun fiberglass ah oo leh varnish, warqad aramid ah, warqad kraft ah, mica, iyo filim polyester ah ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalaa adduunka oo dhan codsiyada kala duwan sida transformers-ka iyo reactors-ka. Qaybta maqalka, silig dhisme qalin ah, iyo dahaar kale oo kala duwan, sida cudbiga (mararka qaarkood waxaa ku dhex milma nooc ka mid ah wakiilka isku-xidhka/qafiifka, sida shinnida) iyo polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Agabka dahaarka ee hore waxaa ka mid ahaa suuf, warqad, ama xariir, laakiin kuwani waxay waxtar u leeyihiin oo keliya codsiyada heerkulka hooseeya (ilaa 105°C).

Si loo fududeeyo wax soo saarka, qaar ka mid ah fiilooyinka birlabta ee heerkulka hooseeya leh waxay leeyihiin dahaadh oo laga saari karo kulaylka alxanka. Taas macnaheedu waa in isku xirka korontada ee darafyada la samayn karo iyada oo aan marka hore laga saarin dahaarka.

3. Halabuurka Kiimikada iyo Hantida ugu Muhiimsan ee Daawaha Cu-Ni ee Iska caabinta Yar